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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

连接传统文化与现代生活 “双节”非遗活动精彩不断******

　　光明网讯（记者 张诗奇）为丰富元旦春节期间群众精神文化生活，营造欢乐祥和、喜庆热烈、文明向上的浓厚节日氛围，文化和旅游部今年将动员和组织广大非遗传承人、非遗工作者等，广泛开展非遗传承实践等相关活动，找到传统文化和现代生活的连接点，推动全国人民广泛参与自觉成为非遗保护传承的弘扬者和实践者。

　　文化和旅游部非物质文化遗产司副司长李晓松表示，剪纸、木版年画、灯彩、彩扎等与年节妆点相关的非遗项目要着力营造浓厚的节日氛围；舞龙、舞狮、灯会、庙会等群体性强的非遗项目要不断扩大群众参与度；传统工艺类非遗项目要加大传统工艺产品供给，为人民提供丰富的节庆文化产品。此外，今年还鼓励各地非遗代表性项目参加本地“村晚”、群众联欢、慰问演出等群众性文化活动。支持港澳同胞、台湾同胞及广大侨胞返乡省亲、祭祖、团拜，参加各种形式的节俗和非遗传承体验活动。

　　与此同时，“文化进万家——视频直播家乡年”活动将于2023年1月14日（腊月廿三）至2月5日（正月十六）举办，活动支持网络平台集中展播非遗年俗视频，并根据小年、除夕、大年初一、元宵等时间节点推出“赶大集买年货”“晒团圆年夜饭”“舞动中国龙”“点亮中国灯”等话题讨论、直播活动；发动年俗非遗项目所在地区的非遗保护机构、保护单位和非遗传承人，用镜头记录年俗非遗传承活动，在网络视频平台直播或视频展播，让人民群众“云端”感受欢乐、喜庆、祥和的中国年氛围。

　　文旅部还将支持各地依托各级各类非遗馆、非遗传承体验中心（所、点）、非遗工坊等设施场所，结合文化生态保护区建设、“非遗在社区”、中国传统村落非遗保护、非遗特色村镇、街区建设以及推动非遗与旅游融合发展等工作，开展形式多样的非遗专题展示展览等传承实践活动。鼓励设立非遗产品销售专区，开展非遗产品展示展销活动，支持传统工艺进商场、进超市、进场站，通过线上线下结合的方式销售推广传统工艺产品。

　　据悉，春节、元宵节是中华民族重要的传统节日，也是国家级非遗代表性项目，与春节、元宵节相关的龙舞、狮舞、年画、剪纸、灯会、庙会等国家级非遗代表性项目共有200多项。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）