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来源：大发平台2021-06-06 17:48

大发平台玩法

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

“中国雪窝”，为何在山东？******url:https://m.gmw.cn/2022-12/28/content_1303236897.htm,id:1303236897

　　近日

　　山东半岛遭遇今冬

　　第三轮明显降雪天气过程

　　威海局部遭遇暴雪

　　雪有多大？

　　网友拍摄了雪中刨车的场景

　　还有热心网友

　　给出了经验之谈

“中国雪窝”，为何在山东？

　　据分析

　　此次威海暴雪为冷流降雪

　　那么，什么是冷流雪？

　　它为何偏爱山东半岛？

　　为何威海烟台

　　被称作“中国雪窝”

　　“降雪，肯定看向东北！”东北三省的雪堪称是冬日城市的一道经典风景线。但很多人可能想不到，山东的两个海滨城市由于冬天较多的降雪也会形成独特的海滨雪城风貌，被称为“中国雪窝”，那就是烟台和威海。

　　每年冬天，相比于山东其他地区，烟台、威海的雪明显要多很多。因为这两个城市的降雪以冷流雪为主，占总降雪日数的比例高达80%以上。

　　今冬以来，山东半岛已出现三轮明显冷流雪过程，时间分别为11月29日至12月2日、12月16日至18日、12月21日至22日。每一轮降雪过程中，都有半岛局部地区降雪达到暴雪量级。其中12月22日，山东威海遭遇持续降雪，路面积雪严重。

　　根据烟台莱山机场气象统计资料显示：当地冷流雪年平均日数在39天左右。这种冷流雪是我国黄、渤海沿海地区冬季特有的一种天气现象，尤以山东半岛低山丘陵的北部沿海地区（位于渤海南部）为甚，而丘陵以南地区降雪量迅速减少。降雪量大是冷流降雪的特点之一，2005年年末至2006年初烟台芝罘区降水量达80.3毫米，积雪1.2米深。

　　冷流降雪

　　是如何形成的？

　　所谓冷流雪，也称“冷流降雪”，是由于海上富含水汽，而且海水的水温在冬季相较内陆的地表温度更高，所以海面上方的空气相对温暖而湿润。当冷空气南下时，海面上方的暖湿空气升至一定高度时，就会凝结成雪花，飘落下来，形成降雪。冷流降雪又被称作“大湖效应”。

　　以山东半岛为例，冷流雪在蓬莱至成山头一带沿海地区尤为显著。威海地处山东半岛东端，北、东、南三面濒临黄海，其独特的地理位置，极易产生冷流雪。

　　海洋热容量大，冬季海水温度的变化较气温及陆地的变化要平缓得多，南下的冷空气经过渤海海面时，与海水温度相差较大，低层空气增温、增湿，为空气对流运动提供了条件，使之在近海面形成具有一定对流性的层积云并产生降雪。

　　另外，半岛北部沿海丘陵山地的地形抬升和海岸的摩擦会迅速把暖湿气流抬升到凝结高度以上，也会对冷流雪起到增幅作用。

“中国雪窝”，为何在山东？