资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
威马汽车涨价 市场竞争白热化******
红星资本局消息,1月16日,威马汽车宣布,于2023年1月1日起针对W6、EX5-Z、E.5等多款在售车型进行价格调整。调整后,综合补贴后售价将上涨1.5万元-2.5万元不等。价格调整方案于2023年1月1日零时起生效,在此之前已完成定金支付的用户不受此次价格调整的影响。
威马汽车称,为打破“越卖越亏”的行业怪象,威马在2022年后半段开始战略性收缩新车交付量,并多次实施产品价格调整,以改善公司盈利结构,进而更好地支持产品研发和用户服务。
借壳APOLLO出行上市
就在1月12日,APOLLO出行(00860.HK)公告,将以20.2亿美元收购威马汽车子公司,并将以每股0.55港元的发行价配发及发行约288.25亿股。
这被视为威马汽车将通过APOLLO出行完成港股借壳上市。
接近威马汽车人士向红星资本局表示,此次与APOLLO出行双方战略并购,威马汽车上市路径进一步确定;阿波罗造车产业链与威马造车产业链可实现资源互补;战略合并后,威马借机实现品牌向上。据了解,完成尽职尽调后,威马或在本年二季度完成挂牌。
作为最早一批入局的造车新势力,威马汽车2022年接连被曝降薪、财产冻结,销量掉出第一梯队。汽车独立分析师刘昊向红星资本局指出,通过收购APOLLO出行实现港股上市,威马汽车不仅能解决资金问题,还能实现品牌与产品战略升级。APOLLO前身是德国小众超级跑车制造商Gumpert,并购后威马汽车将覆盖主流、高端和超豪华三大市场,提升资本市场想象空间,或重回造车新势力前列。不过也有业内人士对此并不看好。
行业或加速洗牌
业内普遍认为,“国补”退出后,2023年新能源汽车市场进入完全市场驱动时代,加上碳酸锂价格回落和特斯拉(TSLA.US)全球降价的鲇鱼效应,行业或加速洗牌。
进入2023年,特斯拉先后大幅下调中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚、新加坡、美国、加拿大以及欧洲多国的电动车价格,引发全球车市震动。
1月6日,特斯拉中国宣布对国产车型调价,其中Model 3后驱版降价3.6万元,高性能版降价2万元;Model Y后驱版降价2.9万元,长续航版降价4.8万元,高性能版降价3.8万元,创下价格的历史最低点。
此后,特斯拉在日本降价约10%,在欧洲多国降价1%-20%,在美国降价最高19.7%,部分车型还将同时享有美国《通胀削减法案》的税收抵免优惠政策,最高降价2.05万美元。
在美国和中国,特斯拉出现了新车和二手车价格倒挂的现象。
不过降价也让新车销量上升。特斯拉门店销售人员表示,降价后进店顾客人数激增。
乘联会数据显示,2022年,新能源乘用车渗透率达到27.6%,较2021年提升12.6个百分点;预计2023年新能源乘用车销量850万辆,渗透率将达36%。
新能源汽车市场增速放缓,特斯拉降价让国内市场竞争白热化。红星资本局注意到,目前在国内与海外市场,特斯拉的价格区间已经与大部分造车新势力重合,甚至接近比亚迪(002594.SZ)。这也让国内新能源车企“出海”的难度增加。
特斯拉公司副总裁陶琳此前表示,特斯拉的价格变动是基于“成本定价”逻辑。业内人士认为,在供应链、规模化生产等优势下,特斯拉的毛利率远高于同行,仍有降价空间。
根据睿研咨询出具的报告,如果将来零部件价格下降,或特斯拉采用更优化的生产或零部件替换,按2022年Q3的成本价与2021年Q4的最低成本价比较,特斯拉还有3万元的下降空间。
成都商报-红星新闻记者 吴丹若
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)