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来源：大发平台网投2024-04-02 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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“得其大者可以兼其小”，习近平为何钟爱这款“辩证法”？******

　　(近观中国)“得其大者可以兼其小”，习近平为何钟爱这款“辩证法”？

　　中新社北京9月20日电题：“得其大者可以兼其小”，习近平为何钟爱这款“辩证法”？

　　作者钟三屏

　　“得其大者可以兼其小”，在中央党史和文献研究院西班牙语专家安永眼里，这是习近平引用古文经典讲道理的一个代表性例子。他对中国领导人善于用典印象深刻，因为在当今西班牙政坛这并不常见。

　　但这句“表述古雅、颇具美感”的中式古语，着实难住了这位自称为“语言工匠”、有近20年政治文献翻译经验的西班牙人。他在字典和同事的助力下“花了一个星期来理解”。

　　这句古语的出处和释义，对诸多中国读者来说也未必熟悉，更别说文化背景迥异的外国朋友了。

　　这句话是宋代大家欧阳修研究《易经》的心得。《易经》构建了一个玄妙复杂的东方式辩证法世界，被视为中华文化的重要源头之一。

　　欧阳修认为，学习《易经》要先懂得其基本的道理和原理(即“大”)，才能对具体卦象(即“小”)予以分析，否则就会陷入庞杂巨细之中。后人一般以此比喻做事要看“大势”、从大处着眼。

　　这句“高冷”的古语在今日中国社会“出圈”，和中国最高领导人习近平的引用不无关系。

　　2015年9月，对美国进行国事访问前夕，习近平在接受《华尔街日报》书面采访时引用“得其大者可以兼其小”，强调中美关系要看大局、谋合作，而不能只盯着分歧。

　　“政治家引用这句话，是希望用辩证法来指导人们什么事情是重要的”，安永分享他的观察，并认为这句古语适用所有国与国关系。

　　习近平曾指出，中美关系不是一道是否搞好的选择题，而是一道如何搞好的必答题。如何搞好？从习近平呼吁中美两国“向前看、往前走”“关键是管控好分歧”，外界从中领略到得“大”兼“小”、寻求最大公约数的东方智慧。

　　如何把这一东方智慧传递给西语读者？安永发现，这句中式古语在西语语境下也有对应的俗语：一种是否定式，no hay que andarse por las ramas(不要舍本逐末)，另一种是肯定式，hay que ir directo al grano(抓住主干)。

　　结合上下文等因素，安永最后采用了hay que ir a los más importantes(要从最重要的方面入手)的译法。

　　他由此还发现了中文和西语之间一个“有趣的不同点”：中文很多概念以对偶对仗的形式出现，很多词语由两个反义字组成，例如是非、曲直、对错、远近，或一件事“正”“反”对照着说。而对应的西语翻译会使用省译或合译的方法只突出表达“正”或“反”的一面。明代大儒方孝孺所著《家人箴》中的“适己而忘人者，人之所弃；克己而立人者，众之所戴”，西语可译为La gente se aleja de los que piensan solo en sí mismos y apoya a quienes se desviven por los demás，也印证了这一点。